Презентация по немецкому языку на тему «Система образования в Германии»

Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

1 слайд Описание слайда:

Проект Система образования в германии Подготовили: ученики 10-го класса МКОУ «Дедиловский центр образования» Матвеев Павел и Рулевский Даниил. Педагог-наставник: Ерюкова Наталья Павловна ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Чтобы изменить изображение на этом слайде, выделите рисунок и удалите его. Затем щелкните значок «Рисунки» в заполнителе и вставьте свое изображение.

2 слайд Описание слайда:

Цель: ознакомится с основными этапами немецкого образования. Задачи: Изучить материал учебника; Использовать интернет ресурсы; Уметь изложить изученный материал на немецком языке.

3 слайд Описание слайда:

Гипотеза: Образовательный процесс идет по правильному пути.

4 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии Ausbildung (Образование)

5 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии Die Ausbildung in deutschen Schulen und Hochschulen ist kostenlos. Обучение в немецких средних и высших учебных заведениях бесплатное

6 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии  Die deutschen Kinder werden üblicherweise mit sechs Jahren eingeschult. Das deutsche Schulsystem besteht aus der Grundschule (der Primärstufe) und der Sekundärstufe I und II (der Hauptschule, der Realschule oder des Gymnasiums). Немецкие дети обычно идут в школу в шесть лет. Немецкая система школьного образования состоит из начальной школы (первой ступени обучения) и второй ступени обучения I и II (специальной (неполной средней) школы, реальной школы (для получения среднего образования) или гимназии).

7 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии Die Grundschule umfasst die 1.-4. Klassen. Die Grundschule ist für alle Schulkinder gleich. Ab fünfter Klasse beginnt die Sekundärschule. Начальная школа охватывает классы с первого по четвертый. Обучение в начальной школе одинаково для всех школьников. С пятого класса начинается вторая ступень обучения.

8 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии Die Hauptschule umfasst die Klassenstufen fünf bis zehn und bereitet die Schüler auf diverse praktische Berufe vor. Nach der Realschule können die deutschen Kinder gewählte Berufsausbildung beginnen. Die Berufsausbildung bekommen die jungen Leute hautsächlich im Betrieb. Cпециальная школа охватывает обучение с пятого по десятый класс и готовит школьников к овладению различными практическими профессиями. После окончания реальной школы немецкие дети могут получить выбранное профессиональное образование. Профессиональное образование молодые люди получают преимущественно на производстве (на предприятиях).

9 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии In der Realschule lernen die Kinder auch sechs Jahre lang. Hier sind die Anforderungen an die Schüler wesentlich höher, als in der Hauptschule. Der Realschulabschluss nach der 10. Klasse berechtigt die Kinder zur Weiterbildung an den Berufsschulen oder zur Oberstufe des Gymnasiums. В реальной школе учащиеся также учатся в течение шести лет. Здесь требования к ученикам существенно выше, чем в специальной школе. Свидетельство об окончании реальной школы после 10 класса дает детям право на продолжение образования в профессиональных школах или в гимназии – на высшей ступени.

10 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии Im Gymnasium lernen die deutschen Kinder neun Jahre lang. Nach der 13. Klasse wird das Gymnasium mit dem Abitur abgeschlossen. Das Abitur berechtigt die jungen Leute zum Studium an Hochschulen und Universitäten. В гимназии немецкие дети обучаются в течение девяти лет. После тринадцатого класса обучение в гимназии завершается получением аттестата. Аттестат дает молодым людям право обучаться в вузах и университетах.

11 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии In Deutschland gibt es die so genannten Gesamtschulen, die die Hauptschule, die Realschule und das Gymnasium vereinigen. В Германии существуют так называемые комбинированные школы, которые объединяют в себе специальные, реальные и гимназические школы.

12 слайд Описание слайда:

Система образования в Германии Für behinderte Kinder gibt es Sonderschulen. Для детей с физическими недостатками (нарушениями) существуют специальные школы.

13 слайд Описание слайда:

Вывод: Основной закон об образовании в Германии предоставляет право каждому гражданину свободно развивать свою личность и выбирать школу, место учебы и профессию по своим способностям и наклонностям. При этом цель политики в области образования заключается в том, чтобы оказать оптимальную поддержку каждому человеку и дать ему возможность получить квалифицированную подготовку, отвечающую его интересам и потребностям. Каждый гражданин Германии в течение всей жизни имеет возможность получить общее, высшее и профессиональное образование. Германия является высокоразвитым индустриальным государством и не может обойтись без высококвалифицированных специалистов. Правительство Германии заинтересовано в качественной подготовке профессиональных кадров широкого профиля в различных научных областях и ежегодно выделяет крупные суммы на развитие системы немецкого образования.

Курс повышения квалификации

Курс профессиональной переподготовки

Учитель английского языка

Курс профессиональной переподготовки

Учитель немецкого языка

Найдите материал к любому уроку,
указав свой предмет (категорию), класс, учебник и тему:

Выберите категорию: Все категорииАлгебраАнглийский языкАстрономияБиологияВнеурочная деятельностьВсеобщая историяГеографияГеометрияДиректору, завучуДоп. образованиеДошкольное образованиеЕстествознаниеИЗО, МХКИностранные языкиИнформатикаИстория РоссииКлассному руководителюКоррекционное обучениеЛитератураЛитературное чтениеЛогопедия, ДефектологияМатематикаМузыкаНачальные классыНемецкий языкОБЖОбществознаниеОкружающий мирПриродоведениеРелигиоведениеРодная литератураРодной языкРусский языкСоциальному педагогуТехнологияУкраинский языкФизикаФизическая культураФилософияФранцузский языкХимияЧерчениеШкольному психологуЭкологияДругое

Выберите класс: Все классыДошкольники1 класс2 класс3 класс4 класс5 класс6 класс7 класс8 класс9 класс10 класс11 класс

Выберите учебник: Все учебники

Выберите тему: Все темы

также Вы можете выбрать тип материала:

Общая информация

Номер материала: ДВ-482684

Похожие материалы

Вам будут интересны эти курсы:

Оставьте свой комментарий

Hochschulwesen in Deutschland — Высшее образование в Германии

Перевод

Университеты в Германии с давних пор играют значительную роль в культурной жизни. Старейший ВУЗ в Федеративной Республике, Гейдельбергский университет, был основан в 1386 году. Некоторым другим университетам несколько сот лет, в то время они были маленькими и имели вместе только около 800 студентов.

Сейчас так много молодых людей, которые хотят учиться, что по некоторым предметам ввели ограничения для допуска, например, для медицины, юриспруденции и психологии. В направлениях с ограничением допуска происходит отбор претендентов по собеседованиям, тестам или по определенным оценкам в аттестате о среднем образовании.

Академический год в Германии состоит из двух семестров, между ними имеются каникулы. Занятия зимнего семестра начинаются в сентябре или октябре, летнего семестра – чаще всего в апреле. В общем занятия одного года продолжаются 7 месяцев. Во время, свободное от лекций, студенты готовятся к докладам, получению свидетельств или к экзаменам. Некоторые также проходят практику или работают на предприятии.

Учеба в немецком университете поделена на начальный и основной этапы. Начальный этап длится в общем четыре семестра. Основной этап дает углубленные специальные знания и специализацию; он продолжается 6 семестров. Учеба в университете традиционно не очень регламентирована. Учеба в университете составляет, как правило, 5 лет, но студентам нужно в среднем 14 семестров. Учеба заканчивается защитой дипломной работы.

Наряду с университетами имеются технические вузы, педагогические вузы и многочисленные отраслевые вузы. Учеба в этих вузах заканчивается дипломным, магистерским или государственным экзаменом. По окончании возможно повышение квалификации до докторского экзамена (защиты диссертации на степень доктора наук).

Отраслевые вузы дают образование в инженерных, экономических, социальных сферах, в дизайне и сельском хозяйстве, сильнее связанное с практикой, которое заканчивается дипломным экзаменом. Почти каждый третий студент выбирает этoт тип вуза.

Федерация и земли также очень заинтересованы в тoм, чтобы в немецкиx вузах учились иностранцы. Учеба для них так же бесплатна, как и для немецких студентов.

В настоящее врeмя в Германии имеется 61 университет, в которых учатся 68 процентов всех студентов.

 

90000 How To Germany — German School System 90001 90002 German public education makes it possible for qualified kids to study up to university level, regardless of their families ‘financial status. 90003 90002 90005 The German education system is different in many ways from the ones in other countries, but it produces high-performing students. The overwhelming majority of German students attend public schools. The whole German education system, including the universities, is available to the children of bona fide expatriates.The catch, of course, is that the classes are conducted in German, which is usually all right for school beginners but becomes more and more of a problem as the children get older. But, there are also many private schools. Although education is a function of the federal states, and there are differences from state to state, some generalizations are possible. 90003 90002 Children aged three to six, may attend kindergarten. After that, school is compulsory for nine or ten years. From grades 1 through 4 children attend elementary school (90008 Grundschule 90009), where the subjects taught are the same for all.Then, after the 4th grade, they are separated according to their academic ability and the wishes of their families, and attend one of three different kinds of schools: 90008 Hauptschule 90009, 90008 Realschule 90009 or 90008 Gymnasium 90009. 90008 Grundschule 90009 teachers recommend their students to a particular school based on such things as academic achievement, self-confidence and ability to work independently. However, in most states, parents have the final say as to which school their child attends following the fourth grade.90003 90019 Hauptschule 90020 90002 The 90008 Hauptschule 90009 (grades 5-9) teaches the same subjects as the 90008 Realschule 90009 and 90008 Gymnasium 90009, but at a slower pace and with some vocational-oriented courses. It leads to part-time enrollment in a vocational school combined with apprenticeship training until the age of 18. 90003 90019 Realschule 90020 90002 The 90008 Realschule 90009 (grades 5-10 in most states) leads to part-time vocational schools and higher vocational schools.It is now possible for students with high academic achievement at the 90008 Realschule 90009 to switch to a 90008 Gymnasium 90009 on graduation. 90003 90019 Gymnasium 90020 90002 The 90008 Gymnasium 90009 leads to a diploma called the 90008 Abitur 90009 and prepares students for university study or for a dual academic and vocational credential. Curricula differ from school to school, but generally include German, mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, art (as well as crafts and design), music, history, philosophy, civics, social studies, and several foreign languages .In recent years many States have changed the curriculum so students can get the «90008 Abi 90009» at the end of the 12th grade. Other States are making the transition but may still require a 13th grade. 90003 90019 Gesamtschule 90020 90002 The 90008 Gesamtschule 90009, or comprehensive school, is only found in some of the states. It takes the place of both the 90008 Hauptschule 90009 and 90008 Realschule 90009. It enrolls students of all ability levels in the 5th through the 10th grades.Students who satisfactorily complete the 90008 Gesamtschule 90009 through the 9th grade receive the 90008 Hauptschule 90009 certificate, while those who satisfactorily complete schooling through the 10th grade receive the 90008 Realschule 90009 certificate. 90003 90019 Berufsschule 90020 90002 Beyond the 90008 Hauptschule 90009 and 90008 Realschule 90009 lies the 90008 Berufsschule 90009, combining part-time academic study and apprenticeship. The successful completion of an apprenticeship program leads to certification in a particular trade or field of work.These schools differ from the other ones mentioned in that control rests not with the local and regional school authorities, but with the federal government, industry and the trade unions. 90003 90002 No matter what kind of school a student attends, he / she must complete at least nine years of education. A student dropping out of a 90008 Gymnasium 90009, for example, must enroll in a 90008 Realschule 90009 or 90008 Hauptschule 90009 until nine years have been completed. Students are required to study at minimum one foreign language for at least five years.A second foreign language is required in 90008 Gymnasium 90009. 90003 90019 The School Day 90020 90002 German students at public schools normally attend school in the morning. Classes normally start between 7:30 and 8:15 a.m. and can end between 12 noon and 1:30 p.m. Class periods are normally 45 minutes long with a short break in between. However, in recent years some schools (90008 Ganztagsschule 90009) have started offering longer days. The additional hours can be used for doing homework or participating in various extracurricular activities.With the extra hours there is a hot lunch and this has necessitated adding a cafeteria in these schools. There can be a lot of homework and heavy emphasis on the «three Rs» — reading, writing and aRithmatic. The curriculum expands as students move up from 90008 Grundschule 90009 and depends on which of the three secondary schools they attend. 90003 90019 The School Year 90020 90002 The school year consists of two semesters and normally starts around the middle to end of August.There are longer breaks at Christmas and in the summer. Shorter breaks are around Easter and in autumn. There is no school on public holidays. The Christmas break is usually 2 weeks and the summer break is about 6 weeks. The exact dates of the various vacations and breaks are set by the individual Länder. 90003 90019 Special Needs students 90020 90002 There are different schools for students with special needs called 90008 Sonderschule 90009 or 90008 Förderschule 90009. Depending on the individual’s needs and a school’s availability, a student can attend one of the special schools.These schools are staffed with specially trained teachers and generally have a smaller student to teacher ratio than the regular schools. Some special needs students do not attend these schools and are integrated into a 90008 Hauptschule 90009 or 90008 Gesamtschule 90009. 90003 90019 Private Schools 90020 90002 There are a number of different types of private schools in Germany. These schools usually charge tuition and may offer varied courses leading to the German 90008 Abitur 90009 as well as other diplomas and certificates at the conclusion of studies.90003 90019 Internat 90020 90002 The 90008 Internat 90009 are German boarding schools. There are several hundred of them in Germany offering a variety of study programs. Most offer the 90008 Abitur 90009 and may offer additional specialized courses in different subjects or pursuits. There are sports 90008 Internat 90009, music 90008 Internat 90009 as well as 90008 Internat 90009 that specialize in other areas. There are also some separate boarding schools for boys and girls.90003 90019 International Schools 90020 90002 The several dozen International Schools in Germany normally offer courses in English leading to an IBO or other diploma or certificate that allows the students to continue on to college or university. 90003 90002 (See the article on International Schools.) 90003 90019 Parochial Schools 90020 90002 There are many Protestant and Catholic private schools that offer the standard German 90008 Abitur 90009.90003 90019 Home Schooling 90020 90002 Home schooling is illegal in Germany. The law requiring students to attend public schools or approved private schools has been upheld despite challenges to it. 90003 90019 Higher Education 90020 90002 There are several varieties of university-level schools. The classical universities, in the tradition of Alexander von Humboldt, provide a broad general education and students usually attend them for up to six years. However, in recent years there have been changes to the curriculum allowing a university student (in a normal or technical university) to normally acquire a Bachelor Degree in either 6 or 7 semesters.A Masters Degree will normally require an additional 3 or 4 semesters. 90003 90002 The amount of time to acquire a degree depends on the university and not the state. Curricula may vary slightly from school to school. The Technical Universities (90008 Technische Hochschulen 90009) are more aimed at training students for specific careers. There are also 90008 Hochschulen 90009 for art and music. 90003 90002 There are also many private schools that offer various degree programs in a variety of subjects.Many of these schools offer instruction in English. (See the article on Higher Education.) 90003 90019 German Schools Chart 90158 (Click for larger image) 90020 90160 .90000 The German School System — The German Way & More 90001 90002 From Kita to Uni 90003 90004 The education system in Germany varies from state to state, although the basic K-12 system is fairly uniform. As in the US, education is the responsibility of each of the 16 German states (90005 Bundesländer 90006), but there is a national conference of state education ministers (90005 Kultusministerkonferenz 90006, KMK) that serves to coordinate educational practices at the national level.However, there is still some variation in the school systems across Germany. (Also see: Education in Germany.) 90009 90010 90011 Secondary school students in Berlin on a field trip to the former Hohenschönhausen Stasi (secret police) prison and interrogation center in Berlin. 90012 PHOTO: Hyde Flippo 90004 Jump to | 90011 Preschool 90012 | 90011 Elementary Schools 90012 | 90011 Secondary Schools 90012 | 90020 90011 Special Education 90012 | 90011 Higher Education 90012 | 90011 Expat Options / International Schools 90012 90009 90028 General Overview 90029 90004 Compared to the United States, the German primary and secondary school system is a rather complicated one in which there are sometimes as many as five different kinds of secondary schools (usually starting at grade 5) and various paths leading to academic higher education, advanced technical training or a trade.For more about the types of schools in Germany see below. 90009 90004 In addition to Germany’s extensive public school system, there are also some private and parochial schools, but far fewer than in the US and most other countries. Among the private schools, Montessori, Waldorf, Jena and other alternative education models are popular. But in all of Germany, a country of 82 million people, there are only about 2,500 private and parochial schools, including boarding schools (90005 Internate 90006).There are also a good number of international schools all across Germany, which can be a good option for English-speaking expats. (See more about international schools below.) 90009 90004 90011 Compulsory School Attendance 90012 90020 Part of the reason for the dearth of private or church schools is the German conviction that public education is a vital element that contributes to a well-educated citizenry and a sense of common purpose. Germany has a compulsory school attendance law. The law requires school attendance (90005 Schulpflicht 90006), not just instruction, from age 6 until age 15.This helps explain why homeschooling is illegal in Germany. (See «Homeschooling verboten» for more.) 90009 90004 90011 The German Educational Class System 90012 90020 Although most Germans claim to be against elitism and favoring any social class, their entire educational system is basically a three-class system that divides students into three different tracks: (1) 90005 Gymnasium 90006 for bright students headed for college, (2) 90005 Realschule 90006 for the next step down, kids headed for average or better white-collar positions, and (3) 90005 Hauptschule 90006 for the bottom tier, generally aimed at the trades and blue-collar jobs .By the age of 10 most pupils in Germany have been put on one of these three educational tracks. But it has become easier to switch tracks, and this is now more common in Germany than it used to be. 90009 90004 Efforts over the past several decades to reform this system, with its emphasis on tracking, have largely been unsuccessful. Essentially the same tracking system also exists in neighboring Austria and Switzerland, which also have resisted educational reforms. Citizens of the German-speaking countries seem to feel that the current system produces good results — despite a poor showing in recent PISA rankings and other educational studies that indicate German schools do not always produce the best educated students.90009 90004 90011 The 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 Reform 90012 90020 In some states, usually governed by the SPD (Social Democratic Party), there was an attempt to reform the system by creating a more inclusive kind of secondary school, more like the American high school. Beginning in the late 1960s, the 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 (comprehensive school) was introduced as an alternative to the traditional three-tiered secondary education system. Instead of three different schools, there are three different tracks within one school.Beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, the first 90005 Gesamtschulen 90006 appeared in West Berlin and a few other Länder, but soon there was resistance from the conservative CDU (Christian Democratic Party), teacher unions and parent groups, who felt that the comprehensive school was inferior to the traditional system. 90009 90004 Although the original idea was to replace the old three-school system (90005 Gymnasium 90006, 90005 Realschule 90006, 90005 Hauptschule 90006) with a single secondary school, the 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 or 90005 Einheitsschule 90006, in practice it has not worked out that way.Rather than replacing the three-school system, the 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 has merely been added to the traditional system. Some 90005 Gesamtschulen 90006 are also 90005 Ganztagsschulen 90006 (all-day schools), with a class schedule that runs longer than traditional schools, which usually only have classes until noon or 1:00 p.m. 90009 90004 The decade between тисячі дев’ятсот сімдесят дві and 1982 was supposed to be a trial period to see if the 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 was superior or not. The verdict was mixed, and the 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 now only exists in various forms in about ten of the 16 German states.In some German states, including Bavaria, Hamburg, Saxony, Thuringia and others, the Hauptschule and Realschule have been combined to create the 90005 Mittelschule 90006 (also known as Regelschule or Regionalschule) to create a two-tiered system rather than three. Even in former East Germany, where the «unified school» educated everyone to be good, socialist citizens, the 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 has not been adopted uniformly. The good old academic 90005 Gymnasium 90006 has endured in most of Germany to this day.In Austria and Switzerland the 90005 Gesamtschule 90006 concept has never drawn any real support. 90009 90004 90011 Special Education 90012 90020 As opposed to the US system of inclusion of students with special needs whenever feasible, Germany also promotes tracking in that area. 90005 Förderschulen 90006 or 90005 Sonderschulen 90006 are separate schools for students with moderate to severe learning disabilities, blind or deaf students, or those with physical disabilities. This practice, which puts some 430,000 German students in special, separate schools, has been criticized for not meeting the 2008, EU-ratified UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which calls for a more inclusive, integrated education for disabled students.Critics say that by separating special-needs students from the general population, the German special education system fails, in that it puts disabled students at a disadvantage and prevents their integration into daily life. This is especially true for students with physical disabilities. Only in a few places in Germany are some special-needs students integrated into regular schools. 90009 90004 90011 The School Day in Germany 90012 90020 Traditionally, the German school day has started at 8:00 a.m. and finished at 1:00 or 2:00 p.m. — and that is often still the case. But in recent years, some schools in Germany have started offering a full day of education (90005 Ganztagsschule 90006). They offer study hours for homework, extracurricular activities and a hot lunch at the cafeteria. Since most German schools never had a cafeteria, this often requires new construction to provide them. 90009 90004 90011 Class Schedule 90012 90020 German secondary schools have a class schedule that resembles a US college schedule, with different classes offered each day.Some subjects are taught three days per week, with others taught only twice a week. On Monday a typical schedule might offer four 45-minute classes (and sometimes double 90-minute classes) in (1) math, (2) history, (3) art and (4) English, while on Tuesday a student might have five classes: (1) German, (2) religion, (3) calculus, (4) French and (5) PE. There are also break periods, usually a short and a long break (90005 große Pause 90006), during the school day. Most students eat lunch at home, since schools usually have no cafeteria, and the school day ends fairly early.Although there is some physical education, German schools are more academic in nature. Competitive sporting events between schools are rare. Athletics is usually done outside of school by belonging to a sports club. 90009 90004 For a long time in many parts of Germany the school week included Saturday. In the 1980s schools in Baden-Württemberg still had classes every other Saturday. In East Germany Saturday was a school day nationwide. Since the early 1990s most German school students, including those in Baden-Württemberg, have enjoyed a full weekend.Only a very few local schools still have Saturday classes (90005 Samstagsunterricht 90006). 90009 90004 Now let’s look at the various types of schools in Germany. 90009 90004 90011 Preschools in Germany 90012 90020 Surprisingly, in the land that invented the kindergarten, preschool education is not part of the public education system. Most preschools or daycare centers for young children in Germany are run by churches or other non-profit organizations. The federal government does provide some funding to the states, but despite new laws that «guarantee» at least half-day childcare for children between the ages of one and three, there are not enough places available.Efforts to increase the availability of childcare have been hindered by a lack of funding, plus a lack of trained staff. Less than a third of three-year-olds in Germany had access to daycare in 2012. 90009 90004 The German preschool system varies from state to state, but in general it works this way: 90009 90135 90136 90011 Kinderkrippe 90012 (literally, «crib» or «crèche») — For ages eight weeks to three years. 90139 90136 90011 Kita 90012 (short for 90005 Kindertagesstätte 90006 (children’s daycare center) — For ages 3-6, open from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. or later. 90139 90136 90011 Kindergarten 90012 — For ages 3-6; half-day or full-day kindergarten. 90139 90136 90011 Hort 90012 or 90011 Schulhort 90012 — Provides after-school daycare for elementary school pupils. 90139 90156 90004 Finding a place for your preschooler can be difficult, since there are also many other parents trying to find a good Kita or kindergarten. The better facilities tend to fill fast, so it is necessary to plan ahead. Finding a place for your child often depends on where you live.Getting your child into a good facility near where you live is considered a wonderful stroke of luck. 90009 90004 90011 Elementary Schools in Germany 90012 90020 After preschool, German pupils attend primary school (90005 Grundschule 90006, «basic school,» grades 1-4). Compulsory school attendance 90005 Schulpflicht 90006 starts in September after a child has turned six. All students attend elementary school from grade one to grade four in most states. Before beginning the fifth grade (seventh in Berlin / Brandenburg), students and their parents must choose the type of secondary school they will attend, in other words, which educational track they will be on.90009 90004 The majority of children attend a public elementary school in their neighborhood. As in the US, schools in affluent areas tend to be better than those in less-affluent areas. In bigger cities students «with a migratory background» (as the Germans refer to immigrant Turks and other non-Germans migrants) often lower the quality of education in schools with a high percentage of foreign students. Efforts to combat this inequality have met with limited success. 90009 90004 90011 Secondary Schools in Germany 90012 90020 After completing their primary education (at 10 years of age, 12 in Berlin and Brandenburg), children attend one of five types of secondary schools in Germany.The five kinds of schools vary from state to state in Germany: 90009 90004 90011 Hauptschule 90012 (HOWPT-shoo-luh, grades 5-9 or 5-10) 90020 The 90005 Hauptschule 90006 is generally considered the least demanding of the five types of secondary school, but it may be very appropriate for students who wish to enter the trades or go through an apprenticeship for certain types of industrial employment. The Hauptschule prepares pupils for vocational education, and most of the pupils work part-time as apprentices.Upon completion of the final 90005 Hauptschulabschluss 90006 examination, after grade 9 or 10. They also have the option of earning the more prestigious 90005 Realschulabschluss 90006 after grade 10. With that, the next step is often a 90005 Berufsschule 90006, an advanced technical / vocational school with a two-year course of apprenticeship and study. 90009 90004 90011 Realschule 90012 (ray-ALL-shoo-luh, grades 5-10) 90020 This is the most popular type of secondary school in Germany. About 40 percent of German pupils attend this kind of school.The 90005 Realschule 90006 may be a step below the 90005 Gymnasium 90006 (more below), but it can be a very good school, with academic standards that usually exceed those of a typical high school in the US. For instance, Realschule students must study at least one foreign language (usually English or French) for a minimum of five years. (In Gymnasium a second foreign language is required.) Graduates earn a 90005 Realschulabschluss 90006 diploma. In some communities a Realschule and a Gymnasium may share the same building, with a common library, and other common facilites.90009 90004 90011 Mittelschule 90012 (MIT-tel-shoo-luh, grades 5-10) 90020 Only some German states have this type of intermediate school (grades 6-10) that combines the Hauptschule and Realschule tracks. 90009 90004 90011 Gymnasium 90012 (ghim-NAH-zee-uhm, grades 5-12 or 5-13) 90020 The German 90005 Gymnasium 90006 is an academic secondary school that prepares pupils for a university education. It begins with the fifth grade (seventh in Berlin / Brandenburg). After grade 12 or 13 (depending on the state), students earn a diploma called 90005 das Abitur 90006 by passing an oral and written examination.The Gymnasium has a long history, dating back to тисячі п’ятсот двадцять вісім in Saxony. Traditionally there was a heavy emphasis on the study of Latin and Greek, but modern languages ​​are favored today. Until the 1970s there were separate 90005 Gymnasien 90006 for boys and girls. Nowadays they are co-ed. The Gymnasium curriculum is highly academic, with two foreign languages ​​required, plus higher math and science courses. Students also have the option of taking more advanced «honors» courses (90005 Leistungskurse 90006).90009 90004 Any student with an «Abi» diploma from a Gymnasium must be admitted to a German university, but there are no guarantees concerning the field of study. Popular fields such a law and medicine are very competitive. Students often have to choose a second or third choice for their major, or have to enroll in a more distant university than they might prefer. 90009 90004 90011 Gesamtschule 90012 (guh-SAHMT-shoo-luh, grades 5-12 or 5-13) 90020 Only some German states have this kind of school, which combines the three school types into a comprehensive school that is similar to an American high school.(See the more detailed information above.) 90009 90004 90011 Sportschule 90012 90020 Although German public schools tend to be mostly academic, with only some physical education or athletics, there are sports schools in some locations. A 90005 Sportschule 90006 has academic courses, but puts much more emphasis on a particular sport or range of sports, including swimming, soccer, skiing, and other sports. Prospective students need to apply and demonstrate ability in the sport they want to train for.See 90005 Sportschulen 90006: Sports Schools in Germany for more information. 90009 90004 Even after parents have decided which school type they prefer, there remains another choice, at least in larger communities. In a typical city of even average size, there may be a choice of five or more 90005 Gymnasien 90006 or 90005 Realschulen 90006 in the area. Unlike in the US, students are not zoned to a school in their neighborhood or district. Students and their parents have a choice of any school that will accept the student.90009 90239 90011 This chart shows how the German school system is organized — from Grundschule to Universität. 90012 IMAGE: deutschland.de 90028 Some US vs Germany School Differences 90029 90004 90011 The Grading System 90012 90020 The German grading scale runs from 1 to 6, with one being the best grade (A) and six the worst (F). Poor grades in several subjects can result in a student having to repeat an entire school year. 90020 90011 Class Schedule 90012 90020 A German class schedule is not the same every day.More like a college schedule, with some classes three times a week, while others are only two days a week. 90020 90011 School Days 90012 90020 German students attend school for 187-190 days in an academic year, depending on the state. The school year in the US lasts 180 days. German students only get a six-week summer vacation, but they have more frequent vacation breaks during the school year. In recent years, some US school districts have adopted a similar schedule, with more frequent breaks.90020 90011 School Vacation Dates 90012 90020 In order to avoid massive traffic jams, German schools in the 16 states have a staggered vacation (90005 Ferien 90006) schedule that rotates each year. One year schools in Berlin may begin their summer vacation in June, while those in Bavaria begin in July. There is even a website where you can find a state-by-state 90005 Schulferien 90006 guide for the next several years. 90020 90011 No Substitute Teachers 90012 90020 If a teacher is absent, there is no class that day, or the class is taught by a colleague who has a free period.Substitutes (90005 Ersatzlehrer 90006) are only hired for lengthy absences. 90020 90011 School Trips 90012 90020 School trips are often more ambitious and more extensive than in the US. A typical English class in Germany might have an annual trip by bus to London with their teachers for a week or ten days, staying in youth hostels. 90020 90011 No Hall Passes, No Study Hall 90012 90020 If students have a free period, they are free to do whatever they want to during that time. There are usually no study halls (except in a Ganztagsschule) or hall passes.German secondary pupils are not treated like babies. They are expected to be responsible. 90020 90011 Klassenlehrer 90012 90020 Beginning in the fifth grade in a Gymnasium (seventh for other school types), students are grouped into «homerooms» with a particular teacher 90005 Klassenlehrer 90006. They stay together for the rest of their school years. 90020 90011 No School Bus 90012 90020 Although there may be school buses in some rural areas, in most German cities and towns, pupils bike, walk or use public transportation to get to and from school.90009 90028 Other Educational Options 90029 90004 90011 Berufsschule 90012 90020 The 90005 Berufsschule 90006 (vocational school, technical school) is not part of the normal German public school system, but is financed and supervised by the federal government in conjunction with industrial groups (chambers of commerce / trade) and trade unions. As part of a concept known as «duale Berufsbildung» (dual vocational education), in which businesses and schools work together, a Berufsschule combines academic study with an apprenticeship.90009 90004 In order to attend a Berufsschule, which usually offers a two- or three-year course of study, a prospective student must first apply for an apprenticeship (90005 Ausbildungsplatz 90006) with an employer. Once accepted, the employer registers the student at a Berufsschule in a specific program that follows a designated apprenticeship plan (90005 Ausbildungsplan 90006) designed by experts for the employer and the trade union. A typical workweek for an apprentice includes three days on the job with a teacher / trainer (90005 Ausbilder 90006) and two days at school for academic studies.90009 90004 Successful tech school graduates have to pass both a theoretical and a practical exam before being certified in a certain trade or industrial field. With the increasing sophistication of manufacturing and other fields, Germany’s technical schools help fill an educational gap in a way that the US and other nations could learn from. Austria and Switzerland also have their own dual education vocational programs. 90009 90028 Educational Options for Expatriates 90029 90004 The public education system, including higher education, is available to everyone living in Germany, Austria or Switzerland, including English-speaking expatriates, pretty much free of cost.Ideally the children of expats attend local public schools and become fully integrated in the country’s language and culture. But of course, things are rarely that uncomplicated. 90009 90004 90011 International Schools 90012 90020 The choice of a school for expat children will be influenced by several factors: the age of the children, the length of the expat assignment, affordability (tuition, etc.), the school assortment in your location, and several other considerations. If there is an international school in your area, you may have to consider that option as well.Keep in mind that you may need to provide an official translation of a diploma, certificate, or school transcript. 90009 90317 90011 A classroom at the Berlin Metropolitan School (BMS), located in central Berlin. BMS is a private K-12 school that charges tuition on a sliding scale based on family income. See more below. 90012 PHOTO: Wikimedia Commons 90004 Some international schools, including the K-through-12 John F. Kennedy School in Berlin, are part of the public school system, but in most cases such schools are private and charge tuition.They usually offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) rather than the standard German 90005 Abitur 90006 or the Austrian / Swiss 90005 Matura 90006 diploma. The big advantage (or disadvantage, depending on how you view it) is that most international schools offer English-language instruction. Large cities such as Berlin, Vienna or Zurich each offer a choice of several international schools, but they are also found in medium-sized towns. In Bonn, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Berlin and other cities there are IB schools that are part of the public school system, but admittance is usually very limited and highly competitive.90009 90004 Even though it is a public school, admission to Berlin’s John F. Kennedy School, with 1700 American, German and other students, is also very competitive. From the school’s website: «All admissions to the John F. Kennedy School are probationary. For grades K through 6 the period of probation is one year from the date of admission. For students in grades 7 through 13, the period of probation is half a year or one semester from the date of admission. » 90009 90004 Another international school in Berlin is the Berlin Metropolitan School.Unlike JFK, the Berlin Metropolitan School (BMS) is a private school that charges monthly tuition. BMS is a certified IB World School, certified Cambridge Exam Center, a state-recognized substitute school as certified by the Berlin Senate for grades 1 to 10, as well as a supplementary school for grades 11 and 12. The school has 1,000 students from 52 countries, and an international team of more than 200 dedicated staff. The Berlin Metropolitan School is an all-day school offering students from kindergarten through 12th grade the opportunity to complete a modern education, culminating in an internationally recognized diploma or a normal German 90005 Abitur 90006.Income-adjusted tuition in the 2019-2020 school year ranged from € 270 to € 1199 per month, depending on the student’s grade level and the family’s gross annual income. The school provides textbooks and other educational materials for an annual «Media Fee.» Besides these and other fees, there is also a one-time, non-refundable admission charge per child (with a discount for additional siblings). 90009 90002 Higher Education in Germany 90003 90004 Traditionally, university attendance in Germany has been tuition free.That is such an embedded German tradition, that when seven states (between 2004 and 2007) introduced very modest tuition fees (90005 Studiengebühren 90006) of 500 euros, or about $ 560 per semester, there were mass protests. By 2013 only Lower Saxony (90005 Niedersachsen 90006) still had university tuition fees. Then Bavaria dropped them, and Lower Saxony, the last holdout, cancelled its tuition fees in 2015. 90009 90004 So a German university education continues to be tuition free. (Non-German exchange students may have to pay fees for some programs.) Students usually have to pay only for textbooks, certain administrative fees, and for room and board. However, most states continue to assess a so-called 90005 Semesterbeitrag 90006 (semester fee) that ranges from about 50 to 300 euros. In some states if a student’s studies exceed four semesters, there is a special tuition charge of 500 to 800 euros per each additional semester. Tuition policies in Germany depend in large measure on which political party (or parties) has control of the state legislature (90005 Landtag 90006).In general the conservative CDU / CSU party and the FDP (Free Democrats) are in favor of tuition fees, while the Greens and the SPD (Social Democrats) oppose tuition for entering students. The Linke (Left) party opposes any tuition fees, and none of the states in what was once East Germany has even attempted to introduce tuition. 90009 90004 As of 2013, there were a 90009.90000 German Education System | Standards, Subjects and Grading 90001 90002 90003 School Organization 90004 90005 90003 Primary and secondary education in Germany 90004 90003 Primary school in Germany is known as 90009 Grundschule 90010 and term starts around the beginning of September.From ages six to ten, children go through four years of school at a primary level. However, some primary schools run for six years; that means your 5th-grade age would be 11 and a 6th year student would be 12 years old. 90004 90012 How old are you in 4th grade? 90013 90003 This depends on when you entered school. If a child has not turned six by the time school starts, they are considered a 90009 kann Kind 90010 or a ‘can child’ — as in they 90017 can 90018 attend school. They’re not a 90009 muss Kind 90010, which is a ‘must child’.These children 90017 must 90018 attend school. 90004 90024 What does the 90009 kann Kind 90010 ‘s eligibility depend on? 90013 90028 They may be required to pass a test known as the 90009 Einschulungsuntersuchung 90010 — and even if this is passed, administrators may not offer entering secondary school as an option if the child is not also socially or physically ready. 90004 90028 Once primary school is complete, students progress to the secondary school component. There are five types, including: 90004 90034 90035 90017 90009 Gymnasium 90010: 90018 for «academic» students 90040 90035 90017 90009 Realschule 90010: 90018 for vocation-focused students 90040 90035 90017 90009 Hauptschule 90010: 90018 for «less academic» students 90040 90035 90017 90009 Gesamtschule 90010: 90018 a comprehensive school for all education types 90040 90035 90017 Integrated schools: 90018 where 90009 Hauptschule 90010 and 90009 Realschule 90010 curricula are merged 90040 90067 90003 90017 School holidays in Germany 90018 include common breaks like 90017 Easter 90018, 90017 winter holidays 90018, and 90017 summer holidays 90018.The exact dates differ for each kind of school, however. 90004 90003 Berlin public schools, for example, begin the summer break around June 20th and end around August 2nd. Meanwhile, students in Bavaria break around July 29th and resume around September 9th. The exact dates change from year to year. 90004 90080 Is education in Germany for free? 90081 90003 Administrators and educational ministers in Germany believe that the costs for education should not be a prohibiting factor in a child’s education.That’s why 90017 compulsory education in Germany is completely free for all students 90018. 90004 90080 Do German Students wear a school uniform? 90081 90003 No. If you’re attending a public school, you do not need to wear a school uniform. 90004 90080 Does Germany have homework? 90081 90003 Homework in Germany is considered very important, and the school day is structured in such a way that students have plenty of time to complete it and gain extra help or support where necessary.90004 90003 Even in primary school, 90017 students spend at least half an hour on homework every day 90018 (known as 90009 Hausaufgaben 90010). Students will have 20 to 30 hours of lessons every week. 90004 90080 How long is the average school day in Germany? 90081 90003 Each class runs for about 90017 45 to 50 minutes 90018. There are breaks for food and socializing, but there’s usually no need for a cafeteria, because school ends at around lunchtime. 90004 .90000 German Education System | Education System in Germany 90001 90002 90003 Germany is known for its world class education and top ranking universities. It has become the number one priority for many international students for their studies. With more than 250,000 international students, Germany is rapidly becoming the most popular study destination after USA and UK. Do you know why it is at the top of its class? There are certain factors that make German Education System unique.Read the unique education system in Germany. 90004 90005 Basic Academic Structure in Germany: 90006 90003 Pre-school education in Germany is available for children between the ages of 3 to 6. However, these are not state-supported and are not free. Children must compulsorily start attending state run schools at the age of 6. Compulsory education continues mostly until the end of the school year and the children would ideally reach the age of 18. The compulsory schooling rules vary from one federal state to another in Germany.90004 90005 The Dual Education System: 90006 90003 Germany is proud to have Europe’s lowest youth unemployment rate; thanks to its Dual Education System. Students who complete their high school degrees are given an option to specialize in an area of ​​their interest. While many go to universities, others choose a dual training program. Students receive vocational training that involves both practical knowledge and theoretical expertise in this system. 90004 90005 The German Higher Education System: 90006 90003 There are three types of higher education institutes in Germany.They are 90004 90017 90018 Universitäten (Universities) — Universities emphasize traditional form of higher education and link research and teaching. Most universities offer a wide range of subjects, so the students can specialize in specific subject areas of their interest. 90019 90018 Fachhochschulen (Universities of Applied Sciences) — Institutions offering these courses focus on practical training. The main emphasis is on technology, business, design and social sector. 90019 90018 Kunsthochschulen (Colleges of Art and Music) — Programmes are offered in artistic and creative subjects like fine art, music, graphic art, fashion designing, film-making, etc.Students are required to successfully complete an entrance examination to gain eligibility to these courses. 90019 90024 90005 Education Opportunities for Foreign Students: 90006 90003 Students from around the world are considering Germany as an increasingly attractive option for higher education. Quality oriented teaching, admission to top ranking universities, world-class facilities, excellent faculty, and scholarships available to international students are some of the factors that constitute to a significant increase in the number of foreign students in Germany.Also, foreign students can work in Germany for up to 120 full days and 240 half days without a work permit. As per the rules of certain states, students are permitted to work during semester breaks too. Due to the growing in-flow of international students, various universities have switched to English taught courses for their convenience. 90004 90005 Reforms Associated With Bologna Declaration: 90006 90003 German education system has been going through several reforms associated with the «Bologna Declaration» to establish internationally accepted Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees and increasing global employability of their students.While many of the aims of the Bologna Process have already been employed, some are yet to be accomplished. 90004 90003 Flexibility of the German education system attracts students from all over the world. Highly subsidized tuition fees and relatively low living costs makes Germany one of the top priorities in terms of choice for international students. 90004 90003 90004 .