Презентация по литературному чтению «Первопечатник Иван Фёдоров» (3 класс)

Презентация по литературному чтению для 3 класса.

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«Презентация по литературному чтению «Первопечатник Иван Фёдоров» (3 класс)»

Литературное чтение.

Тема урока: «Первопечатник Иван Федоров».

Книга-учитель,

Книга – учитель, Книга-наставница,

Книга-близкий товарищ и друг.

Ум, как ручей, высыхает и старится,

Если ты выпустишь книгу из рук.

Бедным считайте такое жилище,

Где вся забота-набить бы живот,

Где калорийная вкусная пища

Пищу духовную не признаёт.

Книга-советчик,

Книга-разведчик,

Книга-активный борец и боец,

Книга-нетленная память и вечность,

Спутник планеты Земля, наконец…

Рукописные книги Древней Руси.

Самая первая печатная книга появилась в нашей стране в 1564 году.

На Руси, зачинателем печатного дела был Иван. В историю он вошел как первопечатник Иван Федоров, хотя в некоторых напечатанных им книгах он подписывался как Иван Федорович Москвитин. Печатный станок тогда был делом государственной важности, и без указания царя никто книгопечатанием заняться не смел. Ведь правил тогда Иван Грозный — царь страшный и жестокий. Зато значение книги царь понимал и, решив не отставать от Европы, повелел построить Государев Печатный двор.. Его руководителем и стал церковный дьякон Иван Федоров, будущий первопечатник.

• Первой печатной книгой, в которой указано имя Ивана Федорова (и помогавшего ему Петра Мстиславца), стал «Апостол», работа над которым велась, как указано в послесловии к нему, с 19 апреля 1563 по 1 марта 1564 года. Это — первая точно датированная печатная русская книга.

Словарная работа. (с.10-12).

• ПОСОХ -длинная и толстая трость.
• ДРУКАРЬ -типограф, печатник.
• НАПРАСЛИНА -ложное обвинение.

ИТОГ УРОКА.

• Как звали первопечатника?
• В каком году вышла первая книга в нашей стране?

Проверь себя по вопросам.

1.Кто приказал строить государев печатный двор?

(царь Иван Васильевич)

2. Где он был построен?

(близ Кремля, в районе Китай — города)

3. Кто создавал первую печатню?

(Иван Фёдоров и его помощник Пётр Тимофеев)

4. Сколько месяцев печатали первую книгу?

(десять месяцев)

5. Как называлась первая книга?

«Апостол»

6. Как были напечатаны заглавные буквы?

(красной краской — киноварью)

7. Когда была напечатана первая книга?

(1 марта 1564 года)

Рефлексия.

Домашнее задание.

• Подготовить краткий пересказ о первых книгах.
• Выразительное чтение или рассказ об Иване Фёдорове.

Презентация на тему: «Первопечатник Иван Федоров»

Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

1 слайд Описание слайда: 2 слайд Описание слайда:

Одно из первых мест в плеяде великих строителей русской культуры занимает первопечатник Иван Федоров: именно с его именем начинается история книгопечатания в нашей стране, хотя в некоторых напечатанных им книгах он подписывался как Иван Федорович Москвитин. Ива́н Фёдоров родился около 1520, в Великом княжестве Московском —умер 5 [15] декабря 1583, во Львове, Русское воеводство, Речь Посполитая) — один из первых русских книгопечатников. По традиции часто называется «первым русским книгопечатником. Иван Фёдоров — издатель первой точно датированной печатной книги «Апостол». В Русском царстве, а также основатель типографии в Русском воеводстве Польского королевства.

3 слайд Описание слайда: 4 слайд Описание слайда:

Поскольку к XVI веку на восточнославянской территории ещё не установились фамилии в современном понимании, Иван Фёдоров подписывался разными именами. В одних он использовал традиционное для Московской Руси именование по отцу. В частности, в выходных данных московского Апостола он именуется Ива́нъѲе́доровъ. А в Острожской Библии на двух языках значится, что она напечатана Іоа́нном’ Ѳео́доровым’ сы́ном’ з Мос’квы. В других он использовал отчество, и добавлял к нему прозвище по месту происхождения Ива́нъ Ѳе́доровичь Москви́тинъ, в частности так обозначено в Псалтыре 1570 года. В латинских документах он подписывался IoannesFedorowiczMoschus, typographusGræcusetSclavonicus (Иван Федорович (Московский) или Московит, печатник греческий и славянский), либо JohannesTheodoriMoscus (Иван Фёдоров (сын) Московит).

5 слайд Описание слайда:

Автограф Ивана Фёдорова, письмо на латинском языке саксонскому курфюрсту от 23 июля 1583 года.

6 слайд Описание слайда:

Точных сведений о дате и месте его рождения (равно как и вообще о его роде) нет. Так или иначе, сам Фёдоров писал о Москве как о своих «отечестве и роде» и в переписке добавлял к своему имени «москвитинъ», то есть «москвич», даже когда уже жил в Литве. По версии Е. Л. Немировского, Иван Федоров учился в Краковском университете в 1529—1532 годах — в «промоционной книге» последнего есть запись о том, что в 1532 году степени бакалавра был удостоен некто «Johannes Theodori Moscus». C 1530-х годов, по-видимому, принадлежал к окружению митрополита Макария. Под началом Макария занял в Москве должность диакона в Кремлёвском храме Николы Гостунского.

7 слайд Описание слайда:

Так выглядел первый печатный станок, который сделал Иван Фёдоров, и на нем и был отпечатан знаменитый «Апостол»

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90000 450 Years of Russian Typographic Book 90001 90002 The era of printed books seems to be on the decline. People in ever increasing numbers use electronic readers and other non-paper media. They want to introduce e-textbooks even at school. It appears that nothing can save the paper book. As time goes by, the book can become a very expensive singular commodity, which it had actually remained for rather a long time after its birth. 90003 90002 Meanwhile, 450 years ago a minor revolution occurred in Russia during the reign of Ivan the Terrible as the print shop of Ivan Fedorov started its operations on April 19, 1563, on Nikolskaya Street not far from the Moscow Kremlin.This event marked the onset of the typographic book era in Russia; hence the title of First Printer was assigned to Fedorov. 90003 90002 German Johann Guttenberg invented a way of creating printed books using moveable types as early as in mid-15th century (though in reality book printing had been invented in China long before Guttenberg, but this is a special story) and 100 years later book printing became a profitable business in Europe. Russia was lagging behind and it is for this reason that the book printing launched by Ivan Fedorov may well be described as a cultural exploit.Nevertheless, several centuries later our nation roared back mightily, when books were published in this country by many millions of copies and Russian people had the reputation of being the world’s most avidly reading nation. Do you remember? 90003 90002 Fedorov and his associate and supporter Petr Mstislavets pioneered in the business that eventually made the book accessible and affordable. Surely, book printing was evolving gradually and it took quite a time for the books initially priced at five villages to become relatively affordable.This meant much wider access to knowledge and education. This is why Ivan Fedorov was admired in Russia not just as a craftsman, a sort of typographer, but also as an educator. 90003 90002 Fedorov was a highly educated man. Although he was born in the Moscow principality, he lived quite a long time in Lithuania and studied at the University of Krakow. Besides being an apt book printer, he was also a talented gun maker and even invented a multibarrel mortar with replacement parts. Having returned to his Motherland, Ivan Fedorov landed in the circle of metropolitan Makarius, one of the most highly educated people in those days.Under his direction Fedorov became the Deacon at Nikola of Gostun Church in the Kremlin. 90003 90002 The First Typographer had enough time to publish only three books in Moscow before his print shop was closed, ten more were printed later in Belarus and in Ukraine. The print runs of his books were quite decent for that time; they were high quality works and have the much deserved reputation of being true masterpieces of art. 90003 90002 90015 Apostle 90016 with the print run of тисячу copies was the first typographic book by Ivan Fedorov and Petr Mstislavets.This is the first accurately dated book; the pioneer printers worked on it throughout тисячі п’ятсот шістьдесят три and in early 1564. 90015 Apostle 90016 was very artfully designed, with rich illustrated headpieces at the beginning of each section, a multitude of colorful cul-de-lampes and decorative initials. The second book was the twice printed 90015 Book of Hours 90016. 90003 90002 But the enlightenment activities of Ivan Fedorov bumped into the resistance on the part of conservatives; allegations of heresies followed soon.There was a «corporate» element here as the allegations proceeded from scribes who might lose their jobs because of Fedorov’s innovations. The print shop was set on fire and burnt down to ashes. Fedorov and Mstislavets phased out their business activity in Moscow and moved to the Great Principality of Lithuania, where the printing business died away after the first editions by Belarussian and East-Slavonic first printer Francisk Skorina. Here in Zabludow Fedorov and his associate organized new printed works and here the first book of the Lithuanian period came out in тисяча п’ятсот шістьдесят вісім — 90015 The Instructive Gospel 90016.90003 90002 Roughly 500 books printed by Ivan Fedorov have been preserved to our days, some of them in a single copy. For instance, 90015 The Book of Hours 90016 can be found only in the Royal Library of Brussels, whereas 90015 The Alphabet 90016 — only at Harvard Library. In the days of old a book was thought to be a valuable gift. On one occasion Iven the Terrible presented 90015 The Ostrog Bible 90016 published by Fedorov to the British Ambassador John Gorsey and it is still 90003.90000 Ivan Fedorov — first printer: a biography of a great man 90001 90002 A significant event in the domestic and worldhistory is the invention of printing. In Russia, this innovation came in the 16th century. One of the figures whose name is associated with the appearance of printing in the times of Ivan the Terrible is the famous Ivan Fedorov. It is familiar not only to adults and enlightened people the history of this person. Biography Ivan Fedorov — first printer — for children is available for study at school.90003 90004 How did it all begin? 90005 90002 Each person in history has an interesting anda unique line of one’s own destiny. Life sometimes takes unexpected turns. Everyone faced this. And, of course, not an exception — and a pioneer in the field of Russian printing. 90007 90003 90002 Biography of Ivan Fedorov — first printer -begins with a legend. The chronological scope of his appearance varies from 1510 to 1530. Strangely enough, there is no reliable information about where the first printer was born and spent his childhood.But, in all probability, this happened in the Kaluga province. There is information that he was the deacon of the Church of St. Nicholas of Gostunsky. He taught literacy, like many clergymen in churches. Already in 1532 he graduated from Cracow University. This is evidenced by the fact that the first printer had a bachelor’s degree. 90003 90004 Church service 90005 90002 As a result of my work I got acquainted withMetropolitan Makarii first printer Ivan Fedorov. A brief biography says that, perhaps, it gave the impetus to the fact that soon the first Russian Tsar Fedorov would entrust such an important task as the printing of the first book — «The Apostle».90003 90002 As you know, Makarii was close to Ivan the Terrible, and, noticing an able young man, could contribute to his further destiny. 90003 90002 By the order of the king in the 1550’s beganactivity on the development of the first Moscow printing house. The fonts and other equipment necessary for the functioning of the printing business were selected in a special way. Initially, the enterprises were anonymous. But then this business began to spread widely. 90003 90004 The appearance of the first Russian book — the «Apostle» 90005 90002 Biography of Ivan Fedorov, the first printer, forchildren prepared, mainly narrates about the creation of the first printed book.In тисячі п’ятсот шістьдесят чотири the first Russian printed book appeared in the Slavonic language — «Apostle». Active participation in its appearance was accepted by Ivan Fedorov and his assistants — Peter Mstislavets and Marousha Nerefyev. Preparations for this event took about a year. The completion of the work was marked by success, since this specimen was much better than previous books on their qualities. This work received the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius, but, unfortunately, Macarius did not live up to the time when the «Apostle» was published.90007 90003 This is what Ivan Fedorov, the first printer, is famous for. Biography for children, it happens, focuses only on this. 90002 But, by itself, one book did not stop there. The printing industry has become more widespread. In 1565, at the behest of Ivan the Terrible, another liturgical book entitled «The Hours» was to be released. This involved Peter Mstislavets and Ivan Fedorov (first printer). Biography indicates that two copies were made. Subsequently, it has been of great benefit to society.Various prayers and songs were recorded there. A daily church rite was performed on them. But the main thing is that it was she who started to teach reading. 90003 90004 Persecution of first printers 90005 90002 But the situation actually escalated. Many were unprofitable development of printing. First, to the census-takers, who, in fact, lost their office, and, consequently, their money profit. Also, the upper strata of the population were dissatisfied, they feared that raising the level of public education would subsequently lead to the fact that they would lose their privileges.The people risked to appear ideas that would help arrange a riot against officials, landowners, clergy and so on. There was another opinion that in the manuscript books, since this is the hard work of a particular person, the soul was invested. And the printing on the machines did not bear such properties, and was taken for something unclean. The biography of Ivan Fedorov, the printer, tells of the difficult position of the figure. 90007 90003 90002 The culmination was the fire that occurred in 1566in the printing house.Moreover, the activities of the pioneers in book printing were considered heresy. After this event, it was decided that the first printers, including Peter Mstislavets and Ivan Fedorov, should go to Lithuania. 90003 90004 Work in Lithuania 90005 90002 In Zabludov, the estate of Hetman Khodkevich, wasthe printing house is organized. The first book, published from this printing house, was the «Teaching Gospel.» Subsequently, the book was named Zabludovsky. This significant event occurred in 1568-1569.Again, work was led by the same pioneers. But the further activity of these people is disconnected. As the brief biography of Ivan Fedorov, the first printer, explains, he remains and continues to work in Zabludov. Peter Mstislavets also goes to Vilna. As a result of work in Zabludovo, Ivan Fedorov, the book «Psalter with the Heraldman» is being created. 90007 90003 90002 But here fate has presented one more unpleasantsurprise, which faced Ivan Fedorov (first printer). The biography reads as follows.Khodasevich because of old age, unwillingness to take part in the organization of the printing yard, lack of a large amount of money decided to stop the printing house functioning. Khodasevich proposes to engage in farming Ivan Fedorov, but he refuses, because he considers himself not intended for such a thing. He left Zabludovo by 1573. 90003 90004 Moving to Lviv 90005 90002 A short biography of Ivan Fedorov, the first printerindicates that he himself had to transport all the tools necessary for the functioning of the printing business.Here, the man managed to organize his own printing press. The work was rediscovered, and in тисячу п’ятсот сімдесят чотири the first printed book in Ukraine — «Apostle», the same name with the Moscow copy — was published. In content, it is also similar to the one that was released back in 1564. True, here something was added. For example, several introductory texts. In the end, there was a content interesting afterword, which was personally composed by Ivan Fedorov, the first printer. Biography has preserved the lines: «This story shows where it started and how this printing was created.»This was the title of the afterword. The work of Ivan Fedorov accomplished about a thousand reprints of the» Apostle «. This meant that the printing industry developed not only in Russia, but also in the territory of modern Ukraine. 90003 90002 In тисячі п’ятсот сімдесят чотири in the printing house of Ivan Fedorov «ABC» is published — the first East Slavic textbook, of which we have repeatedly heard. The books were small in size and contained all that is necessary for the study of reading and writing. 90003 90004 Ostrog Bible 90005 90002 Then the next event occurs.In 1575 he received an invitation from Konstantin Ostrozhsky Ivan Fedorov, the first printer. The biography of the prince calls him one of the richest personalities of the Polish-Lithuanian state. There was a proposal to set up a new printing house in Ostrog on Volyn, that is, in the estate of Konstantin Ostrozhsky. The prince himself cared about the development of science and education in their lands. There was even organized an Orthodox school. In 1578 another «Azbuka» comes out, for which the first printer Ivan Fedorov was responsible.A brief biography adds that a year earlier work begins on the famous «Bible», which was published in 1580. 90007 90003 Even more important is that it is the first fully published Bible written in the Church Slavonic language. 90004 Sunset of life 90005 90002 In 1582 the first printer Ivan FedorovLviv returns to his relatives. He wants to continue his work. But the plan can not be fully implemented. In 1583 he left this light. He was buried in the Holy Onufriyevsky Monastery, and a plate with the inscription «Drikar (ie, printer) of books before the unprecedented ones» was placed over the grave.It is this title that Ivan Fedorov, the first printer, assigns. 90007 90003 90002 The biography for children and adults ends here. The memory of the great book printer is forev 90003.90000 Ivan Fedorov — first printer: a biography of a great man 90001 90002 A significant event in the domestic and worldhistory is the invention of printing. In Russia, this innovation came in the 16th century. One of the figures whose name is associated with the appearance of printing in the times of Ivan the Terrible is the famous Ivan Fedorov. It is familiar not only to adults and enlightened people the history of this person. Biography Ivan Fedorov — first printer — for children is available for study at school.90003 90004 How did it all begin? 90005 90002 Each person in history has an interesting anda unique line of one’s own destiny. Life sometimes takes unexpected turns. Everyone faced this. And, of course, not an exception — and a pioneer in the field of Russian printing. 90007 90003 90002 Biography of Ivan Fedorov — first printer -begins with a legend. The chronological scope of his appearance varies from 1510 to 1530. Strangely enough, there is no reliable information about where the first printer was born and spent his childhood.But, in all probability, this happened in the Kaluga province. There is information that he was the deacon of the Church of St. Nicholas of Gostunsky. He taught literacy, like many clergymen in churches. Already in 1532 he graduated from Cracow University. This is evidenced by the fact that the first printer had a bachelor’s degree. 90003 90004 Church service 90005 90002 As a result of my work I got acquainted withMetropolitan Makarii first printer Ivan Fedorov. A brief biography says that, perhaps, it gave the impetus to the fact that soon the first Russian Tsar Fedorov would entrust such an important task as the printing of the first book — «The Apostle».90003 90002 As you know, Makarii was close to Ivan the Terrible, and, noticing an able young man, could contribute to his further destiny. 90003 90002 By the order of the king in the 1550’s beganactivity on the development of the first Moscow printing house. The fonts and other equipment necessary for the functioning of the printing business were selected in a special way. Initially, the enterprises were anonymous. But then this business began to spread widely. 90003 90004 The appearance of the first Russian book — the «Apostle» 90005 90002 Biography of Ivan Fedorov, the first printer, forchildren prepared, mainly narrates about the creation of the first printed book.In тисячі п’ятсот шістьдесят чотири the first Russian printed book appeared in the Slavonic language — «Apostle». Active participation in its appearance was accepted by Ivan Fedorov and his assistants — Peter Mstislavets and Marousha Nerefyev. Preparations for this event took about a year. Completion of the work was marked by success, since this specimen was much better than previous books on their qualities. This work received the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius, but, unfortunately, Macarius did not live up to the time when the «Apostle» was published.90007 90003 This is what Ivan Fedorov, the first printer, is famous for. Biography for children, it happens, focuses only on this. 90002 But, by itself, one book did not stop there. The printing industry has become more widespread. In 1565, at the behest of Ivan the Terrible, another liturgical book entitled «The Hours» was to be released. This involved Peter Mstislavets and Ivan Fedorov (first printer). Biography indicates that two copies were made. Subsequently, it has been of great benefit to society.Various prayers and songs were recorded there. A daily church rite was performed on them. But the main thing is that it was she who started to teach reading. 90003 90004 Persecution of first printers 90005 90002 But the situation actually escalated. Many were unprofitable development of printing. First, to the census-takers, who, in fact, lost their office, and, consequently, their money profit. Also, the upper strata of the population were dissatisfied, they feared that raising the level of public education would subsequently lead to the fact that they would lose their privileges.The people risked to appear ideas that would help arrange a riot against officials, landowners, clergy and so on. There was another opinion that in the manuscript books, since this is the hard work of a particular person, the soul was invested. And the printing on the machines did not bear such properties, and was taken for something unclean. The biography of Ivan Fedorov, the printer, tells of the difficult position of the figure. 90007 90003 90002 The culmination was the fire that occurred in 1566in the printing house.Moreover, the activities of the pioneers in book printing were considered heresy. After this event, it was decided that the first printers, including Peter Mstislavets and Ivan Fedorov, should go to Lithuania. 90003 90004 Work in Lithuania 90005 90002 In Zabludov, the estate of Hetman Khodkevich, wasthe printing house is organized. The first book, published from this printing house, was the «Teaching Gospel.» Subsequently, the book was named Zabludovsky. This significant event occurred in 1568-1569.Again, work was led by the same pioneers. But the further activity of these people is disconnected. As the brief biography of Ivan Fedorov, the first printer, explains, he remains and continues to work in Zabludov. Peter Mstislavets also goes to Vilna. As a result of work in Zabludovo, Ivan Fedorov, the book «Psalter with the Heraldman» is being created. 90007 90003 90002 But here fate has presented one more unpleasantsurprise, which faced Ivan Fedorov (first printer). The biography reads as follows.Khodasevich because of old age, unwillingness to take part in the organization of the printing yard, lack of a large amount of money decided to stop the printing house. Khodasevich proposes to engage in farming Ivan Fedorov, but he refuses, because he considers himself not intended for such a thing. He left Zabludovo by 1573. 90003 90004 Moving to Lviv 90005 90002 A short biography of Ivan Fedorov, the first printerindicates that he himself had to transport all the tools necessary for the functioning of the printing business.Here, the man managed to organize his own printing press. The work was rediscovered, and in тисячу п’ятсот сімдесят чотири the first printed book in Ukraine — «Apostle», the same name with the Moscow copy — was published. In content, it is also similar to the one that was released back in 1564. True, here something was added. For example, several introductory texts. In the end, there was a content interesting afterword, which was personally composed by Ivan Fedorov, the first printer. Biography has preserved the lines: «This story shows where it started and how this printing was created.»This was the title of the afterword. The work of Ivan Fedorov accomplished about a thousand reprints of the» Apostle «. This meant that the printing industry developed not only in Russia, but also in the territory of modern Ukraine. 90003 90002 In тисячі п’ятсот сімдесят чотири in the printing house of Ivan Fedorov «ABC» is published — the first East Slavic textbook, of which we have repeatedly heard. The books were small in size and contained all that is necessary for the study of reading and writing. 90003 90004 Ostrog Bible 90005 90002 Then the next event occurs.In 1575 he received an invitation from Konstantin Ostrozhsky Ivan Fedorov, the first printer. The biography of the prince calls him one of the richest personalities of the Polish-Lithuanian state. Th 90003.90000 PPT — Presentation of Russia. PowerPoint Presentation, free download 90001 90002 90003 90004 Presentation of Russia. 90005 90006 90007 90008 90003 90004 Forty-two per cent of the territory of Europe and nineteen 90005 per of the territory of Asia is taken up by Russia, the largest country in the world. 90006 90007 90014 90003 90004 Russia is populated by 142 million people. 90005 90006 90007 90020 90003 90004 The Russian Federation was established in 1991 90005 90006 90007 90026 90003 90004 Russian is the official language of the country, although 90005 more than a hundred languages ​​is spoken in its territory.90006 90007 90032 90003 90004 Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet, not the Latin 90005 alphabet which is used by most Western countries. 90006 90007 90038 90003 90004 Russia is comprised of 83 feberal regions. 90005 90006 90007 90044 90003 90004 About seventy-five per cent of the population of Russia is 90005 made up of people of Slavic original, such as Russians, Byelorussians and Ukrainians. 90006 90007 90050 90003 90004 The territory of Russia is made up 11 time zones.90005 90006 90007 90056 90003 90004 Russia is bordered by North Korea, Mongolia, China, 90005 Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Norway. Russia is also not very far from Japan, Turkey, Denmark, Sweden, and the US state of Alaska. 90006 90007 90062 90003 90004 Russia and the USA are separated by just 4 kilometers at 90005 their nearest points. 90006 90007 90068 90003 90004 Alaska, which became a US state in 1867 was sold to the USA 90005 by the Russian Empire for about $ 111 million in today’s dollars.90006 90007 90074 90003 90004 Before the October Socialist Revolution in 1917 року, Russia was 90005 ruled by tsars. Nowadays it is governed by the President. 90006 90007 90080 90003 90004 Some of Russian’s holidays and traditions have been 90005 observed throughout the centuries. Nowadays new holidays and traditions are established. 90006 90007 90086 90003 90004 Christmas is celebrated on 7 January according to the old 90005 Julian calendar. 90006 90007 90092 90003 90004 One of the ceremonies is called «Kolyadki».During the 90005 ceremony a snowman is made with a carrot nose. 90006 90007 90098 90003 90004 European chronology, which started with the birth of Christ, 90005 was brought to Russia by Peter the Great .The calendar was changed again in 1917 when the Bolsheviks introduced the Gregorian calendar in Russia. 90006 90007 90104 90003 90004 On 9 May Victory Day is celebrated. This day marks the final 90005 surrender by Nazi Germany to the USSR in World War II. It is one of the most respected public holidays in Russia.A big parade is hold in Red Square, was veterans are invited and a wartime solidarity is re-experienced. 90006 90007 90110 90003 90004 Moscow, the capital of Russia, which is populated by 11 90005 million people, is Europe’s largest city. 90006 90007 90116 90003 90004 Moscow was founded by Yuri Dolgorukiy. 90005 90006 90007 90122 90003 90004 Moscow is famous for its beautiful Underground. When the 90005 Metro first was opened, only 13 stations had been finished. Nowadays there are over 150 stations.Recently the first station has been opened outside the road of MKAD and more stations are being built. 90006 90007 90128 90003 90004 One of Moscow’s most famous monument, a monument to 90005 Pushkin on Tverskaya Street, was moved to its current place only about 50 years ago. Originally it had been situated on the other side of the street. 90006 90007 90134 90003 90004 Seven of Moscow’s buildings: two hotels, two 90005 administrative buildings, two blocks of flats, and Moscow State University, look exactly the same.These building were ordered by Stalin himself and were designed by the architect Lev Rudnev. 90006 90007 90140 90003 90004 The 264-metre «Triumph Palace» in Moscow is the tallest 90005 block of flats in Europe. Its height is recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. 90006 90007 90146 90003 90004 Moscow University was established by the Russian Empress 90005 Elizabeth I at the advice of Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov on 25 January (12 January old style), 1755.This day still is celebrated as Students Day in Russia. The first lectures at the was hold on 26 April. 90006 90007 90152 90003 90004 The last five Fields Medals have been awarded to Russian 90005 scientist. The Fields Medal often is described as the «Nobel Prize of Mathematics.» 90006 90007.